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As social issues have beenirregularly increase in the recent years, the need to identify the causes, contexts, dimensions and consequences of these issues become doubled.Research on these areas becomes more and more crucial due to extending of subject as well as varieties of background and types of social issues. In order to response to this need,Institute for Humanities and Social Sciences in ACECR with cooperation of Scientific Communitysuch as Iranian Association for Sociology of education and Iranian Association of Women’s Studies published quarterly on title “Research on Iran Social Issues”.The quarterly journal of “Research on Iran Social Issues” invites all researches, experts, scholars and students to send their articles on the different social issues through the journal site risi.ihss.ac.ir
Recent Articles
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Open Access Article
1 - Description of Domestic Violence in the Iranian Family
Mohsen Sohanian Haghighi Iraj FaiziIssue 6 , Vol. 2 , Winter 2022Family is one of the main social institutions and therefore, issues related to the family are considered the most important social issues. Domestic violence is the more important family problems. The purpose of this study is to provide a generalizable description of the MoreFamily is one of the main social institutions and therefore, issues related to the family are considered the most important social issues. Domestic violence is the more important family problems. The purpose of this study is to provide a generalizable description of the situation of domestic violence among Iranian family members, in general and in different dimensions of violence (physical, psychological, verbal, economic and sexual). The statistical population in this study is all people over 15 years old in the Iranian society in 1397 (2018) and the sample size is 5027 people, of which 3815 are married and 1212 are single. According to the results total index of the prevalence of violence between couples is 81.1% and its average intensity is 9.06 on the scale. of 0 to 100. Also, total index of the prevalence of violence between parents and children is 84.5% and its average severity is 13 on the scale. of 0 to 100. Among the various dimensions of domestic violence between couples, psychological violence with a prevalence of 75.5% and an average intensity of 14.42 has the highest prevalence and severity. Also, among the various dimensions of domestic violence between parents and children, psychological violence with a prevalence of 81.6% and an average intensity of 23.84 has the highest prevalence and severity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - An Analysis the Experience of Domestic Violence Against Working Women (Case Study of Working Women in Tehran)
Akram Ghelichkhan zahra abdoliIssue 6 , Vol. 2 , Winter 2022Domestic violence against women is a type of aggressive behavior that occurs in close family relationships. Domestic violence against women is one of the harshest results of cultural, social and economic inequalities in different societies, that has irreparable conseque MoreDomestic violence against women is a type of aggressive behavior that occurs in close family relationships. Domestic violence against women is one of the harshest results of cultural, social and economic inequalities in different societies, that has irreparable consequences on the victom. it seems that working women are no exception to the experience of this type of violence and access to resources has caused they face domestic violence. The purpose of this study is to qualitatively analyzing the experience of domestic violence of working women and women's perception of this violence in Tehran. In the methodology section; Qualitative methodology and grounded theory (GT) strategy were applied. The interviewees were selected purposefully and 12 employed women for more than three months were examined. 7 main categories and one core category were extracted through data encoding. Physical violence, psychological violence, sexual violence, economic violence, social violence, verbal violence, psychological stress. The results show that working women in Tehran have a diverse perception of domestic violence and experience different types of violence. It seems that type and amount of economic and social violence are different among working women and housewives. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Pathology of Erotic Marriage (Case Study: Women Applying for Divorce in Tehran City)
Sara Tahmanesh bagher sarokhani Akbar TahmaneshIssue 6 , Vol. 2 , Winter 2022Erotic courtship and marriage as a type of mate selection increasing due to social changes and change in family functions. In this type of mate selection attention focused on body and physical capital and accordingly spouses enter to marriage market. Statistical data in MoreErotic courtship and marriage as a type of mate selection increasing due to social changes and change in family functions. In this type of mate selection attention focused on body and physical capital and accordingly spouses enter to marriage market. Statistical data indicates parents’ role decrease in mate selection processes. It seems that socio- cultural changes and diffusion of new marriage patterns, as well as individualism caused such variation. The main objective of present article is to pathology of erotic courtship and marriage on family instability with emphasis on socio- cultural elements. The structural functionalism theory, Gidden’s pure relationship and modernization theory explain the theoretical model of research. Survey method applied for data collection. A sample of 180 female divorce applicants whom had erotic mate selection referring to Family Judicial Complex No. 2 in Tehran in the fourth quarter of the year 1400 (2021-2022) interviewed. Finding indicate 86% of respondents, realized that they could not continue it as soon as first three years of common life. 41.7% without consulting parents or any other person and based on individual decision get married. The findings show that the most important factors of family instability are nature of erotic marriage along with increasing individualism and decreasing parental authority as well as modernity. It seems that with the continuation of social and individual changes, Iranian society will face an increase in family instability in the future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Semiotics of Popular Social Documentaries of Aparat program BBC Persian Network
azam deh soufiyaniIssue 6 , Vol. 2 , Winter 2022Today, media is an integral part of people's lives. People are interested in hearing and seeing social issues through the media in order to be aware of the dangers that threaten their lives. Social documentaries are an opportunity to inform and raise awareness about soc MoreToday, media is an integral part of people's lives. People are interested in hearing and seeing social issues through the media in order to be aware of the dangers that threaten their lives. Social documentaries are an opportunity to inform and raise awareness about social issues, and on the other hand, they provide an arena for showing the country's issues and problems in foreign media. The main question in the current research is, what image of Iran is represented in documentaries about Iran does the BBC Persian program broadcast? Social semiotics method and the "Idema" approach applied as the research method three films "And the Spider Came", "Iranian Kidney Auction" and "It's always late for freedom" were analyzed. According to the findings, the main topics of the documentary films of the Aparat program about Iran are women and children with the theme of absolute inferiority; Religion as the cause of society's problems and combined with superstitions; Inefficient and weak government institutions; culture and customs express a very traditional and petrified society. The discourse of opposition and confrontation with the Islamic Republic in this network, not only in news and analytical programs but also continues in the form of a completely believable narrative documentaries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Exploratory Investigation of The Causes of Administrative Corruption in Tehran Municipality
behzad hemati alireza karimi fariba hematiIssue 6 , Vol. 2 , Winter 2022The phenomenon of administrative corruption in today's world, especially in developing countries, has been raised as one of the most important obstacles to the progress of society. This phenomenon has caused irreparable damage to the speed of the development wheel in so MoreThe phenomenon of administrative corruption in today's world, especially in developing countries, has been raised as one of the most important obstacles to the progress of society. This phenomenon has caused irreparable damage to the speed of the development wheel in society, weakens trust and social capital in society, and keeps social institutions away from fulfilling their specific missions and duties. Therefore, in this research, an attempt was made to explore the issue of administrative corruption, underlying factors and mechanisms of the occurrence of corruption in Tehran municipality, and the interaction of the effective factors in the occurrence of administrative corruption and its persistence. The methodological strategy applied was mix method, so that the first part was based on the qualitative method of grounded theory with an inductive-exploratory strategy. The results obtained from grounded theory were evaluated through the questionnaire tool and survey method. According to the findings, the incidence of administrative corruption in Tehran municipality is caused by eleven main factors. In the "To what extent is it in the municipality" section, the highest level of corruption was related to bribery in the stages of planning and issuing the completion of work with an average of 0.4. In the section "To what extent have you or your colleagues encountered this phenomenon", the highest exposure was related to the factor of procrastination and lack of supervision with an average of 2.95. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - The Effect of Social Trust on Organizational Efficiency: Study Employees of 15th District Municipality
Akhtar ShiriIssue 6 , Vol. 2 , Winter 2022The present study was conducted to investigate of social trust in the efficiency of employees and managers of municipalities in the 15th district of Tehran. Applied survey method used to data collection. The questionnaire was indexed based on Giddens' theory and four ty MoreThe present study was conducted to investigate of social trust in the efficiency of employees and managers of municipalities in the 15th district of Tehran. Applied survey method used to data collection. The questionnaire was indexed based on Giddens' theory and four types of basic, interpersonal, abstract and generalized social trust. The statistical population based on the statistics provided by Tehran Municipality was 982 people (856 employees, 118 managers and 8 deputies) and the sample size was estimated to be 276 people using Cochran's formula and 302 questionnaires were completed taking into account the sample error. The results showed that 26% of the changes in the efficiency of employees and municipal managers can be explained by the social trust variable. Apart from interpersonal trust, other types of trust directly explained the dependent variable. In the study of relationships, it was observed that religiosity has no significant relationship with employee efficiency is inversely related to managers' efficiency. All four types of social trust showed a significant relationship with the performance of employees and managers that the strongest relationship was related to generalized trust and the weakest relationship was related to interpersonal trust. Manuscript profile
Most Viewed Articles
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Open Access Article
1 - Satellite Consumption and its Impact on Social Health
Ehsan Rahmani khaliliIssue 4 , Vol. 1 , Summer 2022Today, the media, while informing, can change beliefs, feelings, attitudes, social behaviours, and reduce or increase satisfaction and improve life skills by designing programmed messages. This has increased the importance of the role of the media in meeting the basic MoreToday, the media, while informing, can change beliefs, feelings, attitudes, social behaviours, and reduce or increase satisfaction and improve life skills by designing programmed messages. This has increased the importance of the role of the media in meeting the basic needs of society, including social health, and has created a new field of study. Now, the most important question of the present article is: What effect has the consumption of satellite channels by Tehran citizens on their social health in the presence of the variables of voluntary participation and social bonding?The descriptive-causal research approach and survey method were conducted in May 2018. After examining the validity and reliability among 810 citizens of Tehran, the questionnaire was classified by multi-stage sampling method and clustering. The measurement of the social health variable was inspired by the Keys model after localization and the variable of consumption of satellite channels through the amount of time spent watching satellite.The findings of the present study based on the Pearson correlation coefficient test show that the variables of social bonding and voluntary participation have a positive and direct relationship with social health and voluntary participation has a positive and significant effect on social bonding. In examining the relationship between causality, social participation, voluntary participation and the rate of consumption of foreign channels affected social health, the rate of consumption of foreign channels as the most external variable has a negative impact on social health and two other variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - The Genesis of Academic Influencers in Iran
Abbas varijkazemiIssue 4 , Vol. 1 , Summer 2022The present article studies, influential academic people in Iran and indicate that the position of influencers in the academic environment has also found its place.To conduct this study, we first investigate the concept of fame culture and then review the relationship b MoreThe present article studies, influential academic people in Iran and indicate that the position of influencers in the academic environment has also found its place.To conduct this study, we first investigate the concept of fame culture and then review the relationship between university and influencer culture. The next step is to study the typology of academic influencers in Iran through a literature review, as well as the study of seven professors’ Instagram pages. In general, three general types have been identified. The first category is traditional celebrities, who mostly have a small presence on social networks. The second category is professors-influencers, i.e. those who were born within social networks and whose presence, activity and reputation in the virtual world are greater than in the outside world. The third group has a hybrid identity and has an enriching experience in terms of age, but they are not related to the first group. In other words, they are on the border between the first and the second type, but they have a little bit of their former reputation in the world outside of cyberspace, and they have also created a new position for themselves in social networks.In the comparison between these three types of academics, the major distinctions of academic celebrities as emerging figures will be explained.The professors-influencers are born and live in social networks, they owe their fame to these networks, they establish a more horizontal relationship with their audience, they address a more general population, and they are well aware of the strength of weak ties. And finally, they appear in the role of new intellectual leaders in society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Pathology of the Effect of Using Social Networks on the Religiosity of Girls and Women
Tahmineh Shaverdi ReyhanehSadat Sahragard MonfardIssue 4 , Vol. 1 , Summer 2022Women in relation to the role they play in the family, influence the formation of the identity of next generation;especially due to their role as a mother whom train the children and socializing the future generation. On the other hand, changes that occurred in the worl MoreWomen in relation to the role they play in the family, influence the formation of the identity of next generation;especially due to their role as a mother whom train the children and socializing the future generation. On the other hand, changes that occurred in the world in recent decades have provided opportunities to increase this influence. The main object of current research has been understanding the relationship between the use of virtual social networks and the religiosity of women and girls. A quantitative (survey) method has been applied in this research. The research tool is a questionnaire along with an interview. The statistical population of this research consists of women and girls aged 18 to 65 from the cities of Hamedan, Shar-e-Kurd, Shiraz, Ahvaz, Tehran and Kerman, which was conducted based on the evaluation of the developmental level of the provinces announced by the Management and Planning Organization, as well as, the Internet Penetration Rate. The sample size was 1418 people and themulti-stage sampling method were applied. Findings shows that although social networks have an effect on the religiosity of women and girls of the target community,but the effect coefficients are more on ritual dimensions than on belief dimensions and experiential dimensions of religiosity. Also, finding indicat social networks have some effect on Islamic behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Examining Goods Smugglingas A Social Issue in the Country
Reza Safari shaliIssue 4 , Vol. 1 , Summer 2022This article explores one of the most important social issues that is "Smuggling of goods”.In terms of methodology, it has a survey nature and is a descriptive and analytical study. The sample population consists of all residents 16 years and over in seven provinces, in MoreThis article explores one of the most important social issues that is "Smuggling of goods”.In terms of methodology, it has a survey nature and is a descriptive and analytical study. The sample population consists of all residents 16 years and over in seven provinces, including Kurdistan West Azarbaijan, Hormozgan and Khorasan (as frontier provinces), Tehran and Isfahan (provinces with highest consumption rate) and Semnan province (province with lowest consumption rate). The sample size was 7230 people. The main findings of this study indicate that the majority of the population (69 percent) believe that there are considerable Smuggling goods in the country, has various disadvantages and devastating effects. This is while, a large part of society has stressed that a variety of foreign goods - including televisions, mobile phones, home appliances and rare drugs that are entered the country through illicit means, due to low price are easily sold on the market, and this is more observed in the provinces with highest consumption rate compared to provinces with lowest consumption rate and frontier provinces. The majority of respondents of the survey (over two-thirds) have stressed that the smuggling of goods is a phenomenon in which different groups and organizations are involved, and convergence, synergy and linkage between flows and organized bands and some figures and influential forces in machines officially facilitate the smuggling process. The respondents also acknowledged that the fight against smuggling requires firm determination of the authorities, and especially the presence and participation of people with the authorities so that by relying on social capital we can fight cleverly against this phenomenon that has various functions and negative consequences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Changes in the Family in Contemporary Iran Emphasis on Marriage and Divorce
shahla kazemipuorIssue 4 , Vol. 1 , Summer 2022The institution of the family in Iran has faced important changes during the last few decades, such as a transition from extended family to a nuclear family, an increase in marriage age, a decrease in the marriage rate, an increase in absolute celibacy, a change in crit MoreThe institution of the family in Iran has faced important changes during the last few decades, such as a transition from extended family to a nuclear family, an increase in marriage age, a decrease in the marriage rate, an increase in absolute celibacy, a change in criteria for choosing a spouse and increase in divorce. The purpose of this study is to present a picture of the evolution of the family and introduce theoretical approaches with an emphasis on the state of marriage and divorce. To explain the evolution of the family, three theoretical approaches have been used, "modernization theory", "second demographic transition theory" and "postmodern theory". In this study, two methods of "documentary" and "secondary analysis" were used. First, the topics related to the background, literature and research theories have been used from available scientific sources. And then, by referring to the data of the results of the censuses, the civil registration organization and the national survey report, the developments of marriage and divorce have been explained. The results showed that during the last four decades, the share of extended families has decreased and the net marriage rate has decreased, the average age of marriage and divorce rates have increased, and the criteria and methods of choosing a spouse and the attitude towards divorce have changed from traditional dimensions to modern ones. To make policies to increase the marriage rate, reduce the age of marriage and reduce the divorce rate, because the causes of most of the changes that have emerged are socio-cultural, it is suggested that instead of providing loans and facilities for marriage or issuing a directive to reduce divorce,special measures should be takenin the field of cultural issues and to change the lifestyle components in the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - The AbortionDue to the Mother's Hardship, in the "Family and Youth of the Population's Protection" Act
Sadegh Shariati NasabIssue 4 , Vol. 1 , Summer 2022For the first time, by the single article (Act) of the "Therapeutic Abortion Act" approved in 2005, abortion was conditionally prescribed due to "fetal disease which causes Hardship to the mother, due to fetal retardation or deformation". With the approval of the "Famil MoreFor the first time, by the single article (Act) of the "Therapeutic Abortion Act" approved in 2005, abortion was conditionally prescribed due to "fetal disease which causes Hardship to the mother, due to fetal retardation or deformation". With the approval of the "Family and Youth of the Population's Protection Act" in 2021 and the abrogation of that single article, Hardship-based abortion, has been released from merely fetal disease or defect, and generally has been expanded to "severe unbearable Hardship for the mother". This change is considered a big leap in Iran's legislation and needs to be analyzed and investigated. The purpose of this article is to analyze and explain the conditions, criteria, effects, and efficiency of Hardship-based abortion in the new law. Its method is Descriptive and Analytical. It seems that: 1. Limiting abortion to fetal disease or defects is not logically justified. 2. In some cases, the social and psychological (not physical) Hardship caused by pregnancy, is much more severe and impactful than the fetal diseases. 3. Every dissatisfaction and excuse cannot be considered as a case for a mother's Hardship; rather, the definition, criteria, and examples for Hardship, must be carefully explained. 4. The special procedure in the new Act, guarantees a thorough and comprehensive proceeding to each case. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Unemployment, Uneven Regional Development And Spatial Patterns of Internal Migration in Iran
Rasoul SadeghiIssue 3 , Vol. 1 , Spring 2022Internal migration and movement occur in response to a wide range of factors with different effectiveness. One of the important and key contexts for the formation of internal migration is spatial inequality in facilities, opportunities and development components. In thi MoreInternal migration and movement occur in response to a wide range of factors with different effectiveness. One of the important and key contexts for the formation of internal migration is spatial inequality in facilities, opportunities and development components. In this regard, the article uses the secondary analysis of the 2016 census data at the provincial and county levels to investigate the impact of youth unemployment and unequal regional development on internal migration in Iran. The results showed the spatial clusters of unemployment and underdevelopment in the country and inequality in access to economic and social resources and opportunities on the one hand, and regional differences in migration rates, on the other hand. The highest level of development and the lowest unemployment rate of young people, as well as high immigration in the central regions of the country, especially the capital. In contrast, the western, northwestern, eastern and southeastern border regions have the lowest level of development and the highest unemployment and emigration rates. Therefore, internal migration is a dynamic, multidimensional process that arises from structural conditions and regional inequalities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Sociological Analysis of the Role of Poverty in the Child Marriage Experience (Case: Women in the City of Chabahar)
Esmat Salahshoor Karam Habibpour GetabiIssue 2 , Vol. 1 , Winter 2021Marriage of young girls during childhood is a social issue which has affected the lives of women and young girls in different parts of the world. The aim of this research is to discover the interpretations and rationales of the women in the city of Chabahar regarding th MoreMarriage of young girls during childhood is a social issue which has affected the lives of women and young girls in different parts of the world. The aim of this research is to discover the interpretations and rationales of the women in the city of Chabahar regarding their experience of child marriage through a qualitative methodology and Grounded Theory approach. To this end, using a theoretical sampling method, 28 young girls in Chabahar County were chosen and deep and semi-structured interviews were carried out with them. The categories that provided the causal conditions for the marriage of young girls during childhood years were financial poverty, cultural/educational poverty, unfavorable family circumstances, and gender discrimination. In addition, interventional conditions (poverty of female heads of household, and the femininity of poverty) and contextual conditions (urban poverty, unfriendly living environments, and normalized patriarchy) have become a background for and facilitated the marriage of young girls. Moreover, data analysis using open, axial, and selective coding showed that the central category abstracted from the marriage of young girls in the sample is “extreme poverty, and multifaceted child marriage”. The findings implied that child marriages expose young girls to different kinds of obvious and indirect distressful situations, including child motherhood, child widowhood, domestic violence, dropping out of school, reinforcement of the cycle of poverty, severe depression, and social isolation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Using Shunpikes: Women's Strategy for Overcoming Social Constraints in Tourism
hamed bakhshi fatemeh atriIssue 1 , Vol. 1 , Autumn 2021The current paper examines the differences between men's and women's tourism experiences as an aspect of leisure. Four factors, including normative restrictions, female roles, economic weakness, and lack of security feeling, lead women to regulate their tourism travels MoreThe current paper examines the differences between men's and women's tourism experiences as an aspect of leisure. Four factors, including normative restrictions, female roles, economic weakness, and lack of security feeling, lead women to regulate their tourism travels different from men. For this purpose, the data of the National Survey of Values, Attitudes and Behavior of Tourism in Iran, with a sample size of 5009 people from all provinces of the country, were secondary analyzed. Eight hypotheses related to tourism motivations and behaviors, including having tourism experience, and choosing accommodation, vehicle and tour, were compared between men and women. The results showed that women who traveled alone or with their friends/colleagues, comparing with men, traveled more with tours, less by personal cars, less for recreation purpose, and more for pilgrimage motivation. Women were more likely to travel for visiting relatives when they were alone, and were less likely to camp in trips when traveled with their friends or colleagues. Although the frequency of women who traveled alone or with friends/colleagues were less than men, since their trips with families and relatives were more than men, the total amount of domestic travel by women were not significantly less than men. While the number of foreign trips of women were less than men, the frequency of foreign trips of employed women were not significantly different with men. It seems that despite the serious shortcomings in the quality of women's tourism experience compared to men, by using structural and normative shunpikes, they tried to compensate it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Fashionism and Youth: An Emerging Social Problem
Javad Maddahi Alireza GhobadiIssue 1 , Vol. 1 , Autumn 2021Fashion is a pervasive concept in the life cycle of the contemporary world. A phenomenon that, more than any other group, seduces young people as its followers and seems to be an emerging social problem. The purpose of this study was to investigate the socio-cultural fa MoreFashion is a pervasive concept in the life cycle of the contemporary world. A phenomenon that, more than any other group, seduces young people as its followers and seems to be an emerging social problem. The purpose of this study was to investigate the socio-cultural factors related to youth fashionism. The research method was survey and the statistical population of this research was the youth of Tehran. The sample size was 387 people which was obtained by using Cochran's formula and the sample was selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The data collection technique is combination of researcher-made and standard questionnaire that was evaluated for validity and reliability. The reliability measurement through Cronbach's alpha test shows an acceptable level. According to the findings of this study, there is a significant relationship between the variables of age, parental education, social class, personality, public media and social networks, religiosity and fashion. The results of regression analysis show that according to the adjusted coefficient of determination in the regression equation, 50.3% of the variance of the dependent variable is explained by independent variables. Individualism showed the strongest relationship with fashion. Also, in the section of structural equation path analysis, the model indices have an acceptable fit. Manuscript profile
