خانواده

Open Access Article

1 - Power Structure and Its Relation to Family Instability (National study in Iranian society)
forozandeh jafarzadehpour

The structure of power in the family is an important issue that affects the stability of the family. In recent decades, various changes have taken place at different national levels and also within the Iranian family, which has left an impact on family stability. The ma More

The structure of power in the family is an important issue that affects the stability of the family. In recent decades, various changes have taken place at different national levels and also within the Iranian family, which has left an impact on family stability. The main purpose of this article is to investigate the relationship between power structure and its relationship with family instability in Iran. This study has investigated the relationship between two variables using the secondary analysis method of 3819 married people in the National Family Survey data. The structure of power in three indicators of power construction, freedom of action and exercise of power, the method of exercising power with relevant sub-indicators and family instability in three indicators at the levels of action (marital conflict, and violence) and attitude (attitude to divorce) were studied under sub-indicators. Findings show that while the overall power structure in the Iranian family is significantly symmetrical, some indicators of power such as freedom of action and the exercise of power and methods of exercising power have significant effects on marital conflict, violence and divorce attitudes and increase family instability. In order to reduce divorce and increase family stability, it is necessary to allocate various programs and services, including counseling, etc., to families with more marital conflicts and families where more violence is reported. Men and women also have different attitudes toward the power structure and attitudes toward the consequences of divorce, and women are more tolerant of the consequences of divorce. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - The AbortionDue to the Mother's Hardship, in the "Family and Youth of the Population's Protection" Act
Sadegh Shariati Nasab

For the first time, by the single article (Act) of the "Therapeutic Abortion Act" approved in 2005, abortion was conditionally prescribed due to "fetal disease which causes Hardship to the mother, due to fetal retardation or deformation". With the approval of the "Famil More

For the first time, by the single article (Act) of the "Therapeutic Abortion Act" approved in 2005, abortion was conditionally prescribed due to "fetal disease which causes Hardship to the mother, due to fetal retardation or deformation". With the approval of the "Family and Youth of the Population's Protection Act" in 2021 and the abrogation of that single article, Hardship-based abortion, has been released from merely fetal disease or defect, and generally has been expanded to "severe unbearable Hardship for the mother". This change is considered a big leap in Iran's legislation and needs to be analyzed and investigated. The purpose of this article is to analyze and explain the conditions, criteria, effects, and efficiency of Hardship-based abortion in the new law. Its method is Descriptive and Analytical. It seems that: 1. Limiting abortion to fetal disease or defects is not logically justified. 2. In some cases, the social and psychological (not physical) Hardship caused by pregnancy, is much more severe and impactful than the fetal diseases. 3. Every dissatisfaction and excuse cannot be considered as a case for a mother's Hardship; rather, the definition, criteria, and examples for Hardship, must be carefully explained. 4. The special procedure in the new Act, guarantees a thorough and comprehensive proceeding to each case. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - The sociologically study of the Cohabitation in Tehran City
Masoumeh Motlaq mahdieh ghoreishi

The purpose of this research is the sociologically study of cohabitation phenomenon in Tehran city. In recent years, family institution has experienced many changes which one of them is known cohabitation as a new emerging style of common life. According to nature and s More

The purpose of this research is the sociologically study of cohabitation phenomenon in Tehran city. In recent years, family institution has experienced many changes which one of them is known cohabitation as a new emerging style of common life. According to nature and subject qualitative research is considered and a purposeful method of sampling and snowball sampling are applied for achieving to theoretical saturation; therefore, in this research 60 person of that experienced cohabitation in 17th Area of Tehran were interviewed. The analyzing of data is based on grounded theory method. The impact factors in the phenomenon of cohabitation can be classified in three categories. The findings show that the following factors have the most impact, including; economic factors (unemployment, lack of job security, costs of marriage) legal factors (the responsibility of marriage, unfair contract between partners and so on) social factors (social changes, generation oppositions, sexual abnormalities and the increasing of conflicts in the society). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Changes in the Family in Contemporary Iran Emphasis on Marriage and Divorce
shahla kazemipuor

The institution of the family in Iran has faced important changes during the last few decades, such as a transition from extended family to a nuclear family, an increase in marriage age, a decrease in the marriage rate, an increase in absolute celibacy, a change in crit More

The institution of the family in Iran has faced important changes during the last few decades, such as a transition from extended family to a nuclear family, an increase in marriage age, a decrease in the marriage rate, an increase in absolute celibacy, a change in criteria for choosing a spouse and increase in divorce. The purpose of this study is to present a picture of the evolution of the family and introduce theoretical approaches with an emphasis on the state of marriage and divorce. To explain the evolution of the family, three theoretical approaches have been used, "modernization theory", "second demographic transition theory" and "postmodern theory". In this study, two methods of "documentary" and "secondary analysis" were used. First, the topics related to the background, literature and research theories have been used from available scientific sources. And then, by referring to the data of the results of the censuses, the civil registration organization and the national survey report, the developments of marriage and divorce have been explained. The results showed that during the last four decades, the share of extended families has decreased and the net marriage rate has decreased, the average age of marriage and divorce rates have increased, and the criteria and methods of choosing a spouse and the attitude towards divorce have changed from traditional dimensions to modern ones. To make policies to increase the marriage rate, reduce the age of marriage and reduce the divorce rate, because the causes of most of the changes that have emerged are socio-cultural, it is suggested that instead of providing loans and facilities for marriage or issuing a directive to reduce divorce,special measures should be takenin the field of cultural issues and to change the lifestyle components in the country. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Pathology of Erotic Marriage (Case Study: Women Applying for Divorce in Tehran City)
Sara Tahmanesh bagher sarokhani Akbar Tahmanesh

Erotic courtship and marriage as a type of mate selection increasing due to social changes and change in family functions. In this type of mate selection attention focused on body and physical capital and accordingly spouses enter to marriage market. Statistical data in More

Erotic courtship and marriage as a type of mate selection increasing due to social changes and change in family functions. In this type of mate selection attention focused on body and physical capital and accordingly spouses enter to marriage market. Statistical data indicates parents’ role decrease in mate selection processes. It seems that socio- cultural changes and diffusion of new marriage patterns, as well as individualism caused such variation. The main objective of present article is to pathology of erotic courtship and marriage on family instability with emphasis on socio- cultural elements. The structural functionalism theory, Gidden’s pure relationship and modernization theory explain the theoretical model of research. Survey method applied for data collection. A sample of 180 female divorce applicants whom had erotic mate selection referring to Family Judicial Complex No. 2 in Tehran in the fourth quarter of the year 1400 (2021-2022) interviewed. Finding indicate 86% of respondents, realized that they could not continue it as soon as first three years of common life. 41.7% without consulting parents or any other person and based on individual decision get married. The findings show that the most important factors of family instability are nature of erotic marriage along with increasing individualism and decreasing parental authority as well as modernity. It seems that with the continuation of social and individual changes, Iranian society will face an increase in family instability in the future. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Sociological Analysis of the Cultural Components of Marriage in Persian Tweets
zahra sheikh Bagher saroukhani khadijeh zolghadr

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Sociological Analysis of the Cultural   Components of Marriage in Persian Tweets       Zahra Sheikh<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1">*</a>   Baqer Sarukhani<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title="" href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2">**</a>    Khadija Zulqadr<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title="" href="#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3">***</a>   Introduction   Marriage is a fundamental institution in both the family and the broader social structure, evolving over time. Understanding this area is crucial for policymakers to grasp societal attitudes, perspectives, and to plan effectively based on societal conditions. The aim of this research was to extract and analyze attitudes and demands regarding the cultural component of "marriage." This component encompasses attitudes, values, and mental priorities of individuals concerning marriage. The research utilized a qualitative content analysis method, focusing on Persian-speaking users of the X social network and employing a comprehensive sampling method to analyze tweets related to marriage from September 2021 till March 2022.       Methodology   The research employed hermeneutic content analysis. Hermeneutic content analysis is typically used to describe phenomena when existing theories or literature are limited. This approach avoids preconceived concepts, allowing new concepts to emerge from the data. Researchers immerse themselves in the data to gain novel insights, a process known as "inductive concept formation." Data analysis begins with repeated readings to achieve a comprehensive understanding. The researchers’ initiates analysis based on their perception of the text, continuing until patterns emerge. This process often results in identifying patterns from the text and categorizing them based on similarities and differences.   In the pilot study, 150 keywords were manually extracted from 600 tweets related to marriage. Using machine learning, approximately 1,800 relevant tweets were identified. After an initial cleaning stage, each tweet was reviewed, and those suitable for analysis were retained, while the rest were discarded. Ultimately, 919 tweets remained for analysis. In the second stage, each tweet was summarized in one word, and these summaries were grouped into categories with key concepts (subtopics) identified. In the third step, related subtopics were analyzed and combined to extract themes. This process was repeated throughout the research. Four main themes were identified: individualism (341 tweets), life skills (211 tweets), economy (197 tweets), and tradition (170 tweets).       Findings   The analysis revealed that Persian-speaking users of X social network discussed a range of topics related to marriage, including individual rights, fluid relationships, independence, communication skills, self-awareness skills, spousal participation, unemployment, the social value of wealth, economic problems, women's rights, family control, marriage customs, and women's rights.   The central theme of these discussions is relationships—what constitutes a desirable relationship and its qualities. The concept of relationships discussed extends beyond formal, registered marriages to include informal relationships, friendships, cohabitation, emotional and sexual partners, concubine (motteh), long-distance relationships, and virtual relationships. Four main themes emerged from the analysis: individualism, life skills, economy, and tradition.   “Individualism” emphasizes the value of the individual as a person with rights and opinions. Sub-themes of individualism and personal preservation were grouped under this broader theme. “Life skills” refer to psychological and social abilities that enable individuals to manage themselves effectively, including communication skills, self-awareness skills, and spousal participation.   The “economy” theme highlighted concerns such as inflation, unemployment, and future uncertainties as inhibiting factors for marriage. Economic attitudes toward marriage reflect a desire for wealth acquisition through clever and inexpensive means, aligning with consumer capitalism. “Tradition” involves societal customs, norms, and restrictions regarding marriage, including family control, marriage customs, and women's rights. The main criticism is that traditions limit individual freedom and personal opinions. While individuality and personal choice are highly valued today, past customs are not widely accepted by newer generations who advocate for equal rights and responsibilities based on personal views rather than traditional norms.       Conclusion   The discourse on marriage on social network X aligns with Bauman's theory of liquid relationships and Saroukhani's theory of personalization. Liquid relationships refer to short-term, non-committal relationships outside the framework of formal marriage, where commitment is minimal. Analysis of tweet content shows that preserving individuality and the power of choice are top priorities for users. They make decisions based on personal preferences and circumstances, free from overarching narratives. However, these liquid relationships may lead to psychological insecurity and intensified individualism, potentially alienating the family from its emotional and generational functions as a social institution, thereby endangering societal health.     <div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"> <hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /> <div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1">*</a> PhD Student in Cultural Sociology, Tehran <a name="_Hlk175653928"></a>Science & Research Unit, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Sheikh.zahra84@gmail.com </div> <div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title="" href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2">**</a> Corresponding Author: Professor of Sociology Department, Tehran Science & Research Unit, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. b.saroukhani@yahoo.com </div> <div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title="" href="#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3">***</a> Assistant Professor, Department of Women's Studies, Tehran Science & Research Unit, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. kzolghadr@srbiau.ac.ir </div> </div>   Manuscript profile

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