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As social issues have beenirregularly increase in the recent years, the need to identify the causes, contexts, dimensions and consequences of these issues become doubled.Research on these areas becomes more and more crucial due to extending of subject as well as varieties of background and types of social issues. In order to response to this need,Institute for Humanities and Social Sciences in ACECR with cooperation of Scientific Communitysuch as Iranian Association for Sociology of education and Iranian Association of Women’s Studies published quarterly on title “Research on Iran Social Issues”.The quarterly journal of “Research on Iran Social Issues” invites all researches, experts, scholars and students to send their articles on the different social issues through the journal site risi.ihss.ac.ir
Recent Articles
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Open Access Article
1 - Investigating the Role of Family Factors in Suicide Attempt (Case Study: Women in Abdanan)
Mojtaba Shafieinejad Akbar Zare Shahabadi Zahra Mohammadi Elnaz AzadvariIss. 2 , Vol. 1 , Winter 2021The phenomenon of suicide attempts is one of the most important socio-psychological harms growing worldwide, accounting for 1.4% of all deaths worldwide. The aim of this study is to discover family factors in suicide attempt which has been done by qualitative methodolog MoreThe phenomenon of suicide attempts is one of the most important socio-psychological harms growing worldwide, accounting for 1.4% of all deaths worldwide. The aim of this study is to discover family factors in suicide attempt which has been done by qualitative methodology and using the method of Grounded Theory. For this purpose, in-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 women from Abdanan city whom suicide attempt and were selected by theoretical sampling method for more than one year. Nine main categories and one core category were extracted through the data coding system: strained family, family relationship inefficiency, Delinquent family, moral deviance of spouse, Divorced family, forced marriage, avoidance of unfavorable family atmosphere with marriage, marital disputes, experience of rejection and deliberate avoidance. Also, "Family Challenges - Significant Suicides" was selected as the core category, and finally a paradigm model derived from the data was set up. The findings indicated that family factors and family living conditions played an important role in the prevalence of suicide among women attempting suicide. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Sociological Analysis of the Role of Poverty in the Child Marriage Experience (Case: Women in the City of Chabahar)
Esmat Salahshoor Karam Habibpour GetabiIss. 2 , Vol. 1 , Winter 2021Marriage of young girls during childhood is a social issue which has affected the lives of women and young girls in different parts of the world. The aim of this research is to discover the interpretations and rationales of the women in the city of Chabahar regarding th MoreMarriage of young girls during childhood is a social issue which has affected the lives of women and young girls in different parts of the world. The aim of this research is to discover the interpretations and rationales of the women in the city of Chabahar regarding their experience of child marriage through a qualitative methodology and Grounded Theory approach. To this end, using a theoretical sampling method, 28 young girls in Chabahar County were chosen and deep and semi-structured interviews were carried out with them. The categories that provided the causal conditions for the marriage of young girls during childhood years were financial poverty, cultural/educational poverty, unfavorable family circumstances, and gender discrimination. In addition, interventional conditions (poverty of female heads of household, and the femininity of poverty) and contextual conditions (urban poverty, unfriendly living environments, and normalized patriarchy) have become a background for and facilitated the marriage of young girls. Moreover, data analysis using open, axial, and selective coding showed that the central category abstracted from the marriage of young girls in the sample is “extreme poverty, and multifaceted child marriage”. The findings implied that child marriages expose young girls to different kinds of obvious and indirect distressful situations, including child motherhood, child widowhood, domestic violence, dropping out of school, reinforcement of the cycle of poverty, severe depression, and social isolation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - The Issue of Iranian Older Women Living Alone: Case Study in Tehran and Alborz Provinces
mirtaher mousavi Masoomeh Maarefvand maryam rahnama komamardakhi laleh maarefvandIss. 2 , Vol. 1 , Winter 2021Older Women Living Alone (OWLA) are one of the most vulnerable groups due to the circumstances of the society and it is necessary to plan a specific program to support them. No specific program to support OWLA has been designed and implemented in Iran and for this purpo MoreOlder Women Living Alone (OWLA) are one of the most vulnerable groups due to the circumstances of the society and it is necessary to plan a specific program to support them. No specific program to support OWLA has been designed and implemented in Iran and for this purpose it is necessary to assess and prioritize the needs of this group. In this study semi-structured interviews with experts, policy-makers, and managers and OWLA were conducted and their contents were analyzed. Targeted-sampling and snowball-sampling was performed in Tehran and Alborz provinces and continued until saturation was achieved. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and coded in three steps and the categories and subcategories were obtained. The most important reason for living-alone among elderly-women is the death of their spouse and marriage of their children. In order to be independent, they try to manage their finances by saving, while at the same time take care of their health, are treated for their illnesses. Many of them don't want to remarry in old-age. Relocation due to home sales in old age means that in many cases their communication network is limited to their children and families and social participation is limited among them. The communication with family-members, care, independency, financial support, social-interaction and social-participation, security and a sense of security, geographical access to health-care and rehabilitation-services, training and awareness raising, entertainment and leisure appropriate to old-age are issues that need to be addressed in policies and planning related to OWLA. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Power Structure and Its Relation to Family Instability (National study in Iranian society)
forozandeh jafarzadehpourIss. 2 , Vol. 1 , Winter 2021The structure of power in the family is an important issue that affects the stability of the family. In recent decades, various changes have taken place at different national levels and also within the Iranian family, which has left an impact on family stability. The ma MoreThe structure of power in the family is an important issue that affects the stability of the family. In recent decades, various changes have taken place at different national levels and also within the Iranian family, which has left an impact on family stability. The main purpose of this article is to investigate the relationship between power structure and its relationship with family instability in Iran. This study has investigated the relationship between two variables using the secondary analysis method of 3819 married people in the National Family Survey data. The structure of power in three indicators of power construction, freedom of action and exercise of power, the method of exercising power with relevant sub-indicators and family instability in three indicators at the levels of action (marital conflict, and violence) and attitude (attitude to divorce) were studied under sub-indicators. Findings show that while the overall power structure in the Iranian family is significantly symmetrical, some indicators of power such as freedom of action and the exercise of power and methods of exercising power have significant effects on marital conflict, violence and divorce attitudes and increase family instability. In order to reduce divorce and increase family stability, it is necessary to allocate various programs and services, including counseling, etc., to families with more marital conflicts and families where more violence is reported. Men and women also have different attitudes toward the power structure and attitudes toward the consequences of divorce, and women are more tolerant of the consequences of divorce. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Sociological Study of Marriage Patterns as a Subject of Generational Conflict in Families of Clergy Students from the Children’s Point of View
zahra movahedi saveji mansoure azam azade mahdi etemadi fardIss. 2 , Vol. 1 , Winter 2021Transitional position of Iran from tradition to modernity, set new conditions in terms of challenges between two generations. One of these challenges is in relation to marriage. Family plays an important role in marriage culture, and actively participate in it. Basicall MoreTransitional position of Iran from tradition to modernity, set new conditions in terms of challenges between two generations. One of these challenges is in relation to marriage. Family plays an important role in marriage culture, and actively participate in it. Basically, marriage is interpreted as a family bond. In some eras, initially choosing a spouse did by family; and love marriage was limited. Such pattern has been modified over time. In this study, we seek a descriptive-analytical study of conflicts arising from marriage patterns between clergy parents and their children. Another objective of this study is to examine strategies and approaches employed in conflict resolution. This research utilized a qualitative and grounded theory approach to provide an accurate and detailed explanation of the generational problems within the clergy family. The data from this study suggest that confrontation between clergy parents and their children has three patterns: 1. Endogamy versus Exogamy 2. Haste in marriage versus delay in marriage 3. Marriage based on gerontocracy versus Marriage based on freedom. The following three strategies were identified in their children 's exposure to conflicts in marriage patterns: 1. confrontation strategy 2. Surrender strategy 3. secrecy strategy. According to this study, there is a multiplicity of educational resources as well as a difference between the discourse and epistemological system governing the thought of parents and children. Also based on the research data, children's experience of divorce and their family emotional relationships are highly influential in how they approach conflicts. Furthermore, we have found that parents' attitudes toward girls and boys differ dramatically, which could explain the exacerbation of conflict due to "gender" contexts. Results also note the role of “educational status” as a facilitator of communication, referred to as "facilitating communication". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Virtual Social Networks and Consumption Patterns of Tehran Citizens
Hadi Barghamadi adel abdollahi Elaheh Shams KoushkiIss. 2 , Vol. 1 , Winter 2021The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the use of virtual social networks of Tehran citizens and their consumption pattern. The theoretical framework is based on the views of theorists such as Veblen, Giddens and Bourdieu. The approach o MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the use of virtual social networks of Tehran citizens and their consumption pattern. The theoretical framework is based on the views of theorists such as Veblen, Giddens and Bourdieu. The approach of the present research is quantitative and the research method is descriptive in terms of descriptive path and applied in terms of purpose. Data were collected by a survey method and using a questionnaire tool. The statistical population of the study included citizens over 15 years of age in Tehran who were interviewed using the sample size estimation formula, 600 of them were interviewed using multi-stage stratified sampling. The results, regarding objective dimension, showed that cultural consumption is one of the influential variables in the consumption pattern of Tehran citizens and in addition there is a significant relationship between cultural consumption and the use of virtual social networks. On the other hand, there is a relationship between the use of virtual social networks and the clothing consumption pattern of Tehran citizens. In fact, the use of virtual social networks by Tehran citizens has affected their coverage and how they buy. The results obtained in the mental dimension of the subject under study also indicate that the use of social networks has affected the values and social attitudes of Tehran citizens based on consumerism. Manuscript profile
Most Viewed Articles
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Open Access Article
1 - Fashionism and Youth: An Emerging Social Problem
Javad Maddahi Alireza GhobadiIss. 1 , Vol. 1 , Autumn 2021Fashion is a pervasive concept in the life cycle of the contemporary world. A phenomenon that, more than any other group, seduces young people as its followers and seems to be an emerging social problem. The purpose of this study was to investigate the socio-cultural fa MoreFashion is a pervasive concept in the life cycle of the contemporary world. A phenomenon that, more than any other group, seduces young people as its followers and seems to be an emerging social problem. The purpose of this study was to investigate the socio-cultural factors related to youth fashionism. The research method was survey and the statistical population of this research was the youth of Tehran. The sample size was 387 people which was obtained by using Cochran's formula and the sample was selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The data collection technique is combination of researcher-made and standard questionnaire that was evaluated for validity and reliability. The reliability measurement through Cronbach's alpha test shows an acceptable level. According to the findings of this study, there is a significant relationship between the variables of age, parental education, social class, personality, public media and social networks, religiosity and fashion. The results of regression analysis show that according to the adjusted coefficient of determination in the regression equation, 50.3% of the variance of the dependent variable is explained by independent variables. Individualism showed the strongest relationship with fashion. Also, in the section of structural equation path analysis, the model indices have an acceptable fit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Youths and Escape Experience in Urban Spaces
Fardin AlikhahIss. 1 , Vol. 1 , Autumn 2021In recent years’ urban sociologists and anthropologists have also focused on youth and urban public spaces. On the one hand, there are studies that have proceeded from a criminological point of view and on the other hand, researches that have considered concepts such as MoreIn recent years’ urban sociologists and anthropologists have also focused on youth and urban public spaces. On the one hand, there are studies that have proceeded from a criminological point of view and on the other hand, researches that have considered concepts such as marginalization, exclusion or inclusion of social groups in urban spaces. They address issues such as exclusion by official institutions and youth resistance, and raises the question of how young people try to register their signatures on place by adopting strategies such as personalization of place and territorialization in the heart of public spaces. The present study is based on urban ethnography on the pedestrian-only zone of the northern Baradaran Muzaffar of Tehran. The main purpose of this research is to identify different layers’ marginalization strategies by official institutions and local community, which some urban researchers refer to as "place refinement", as well as different strategies of young people to cope, neutralize and resist marginalization. Ethnographic fieldwork shows that the Northern Baradaran Muzaffar pedestrian-only zone is a place for young people to escape the gaze of official institutions. The strategy of exclusion applied by the official institutions and the local community has not been successful and has led to the resistance among the youth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Using Shunpikes: Women's Strategy for Overcoming Social Constraints in Tourism
hamed bakhshi fatemeh atriIss. 1 , Vol. 1 , Autumn 2021The current paper examines the differences between men's and women's tourism experiences as an aspect of leisure. Four factors, including normative restrictions, female roles, economic weakness, and lack of security feeling, lead women to regulate their tourism travels MoreThe current paper examines the differences between men's and women's tourism experiences as an aspect of leisure. Four factors, including normative restrictions, female roles, economic weakness, and lack of security feeling, lead women to regulate their tourism travels different from men. For this purpose, the data of the National Survey of Values, Attitudes and Behavior of Tourism in Iran, with a sample size of 5009 people from all provinces of the country, were secondary analyzed. Eight hypotheses related to tourism motivations and behaviors, including having tourism experience, and choosing accommodation, vehicle and tour, were compared between men and women. The results showed that women who traveled alone or with their friends/colleagues, comparing with men, traveled more with tours, less by personal cars, less for recreation purpose, and more for pilgrimage motivation. Women were more likely to travel for visiting relatives when they were alone, and were less likely to camp in trips when traveled with their friends or colleagues. Although the frequency of women who traveled alone or with friends/colleagues were less than men, since their trips with families and relatives were more than men, the total amount of domestic travel by women were not significantly less than men. While the number of foreign trips of women were less than men, the frequency of foreign trips of employed women were not significantly different with men. It seems that despite the serious shortcomings in the quality of women's tourism experience compared to men, by using structural and normative shunpikes, they tried to compensate it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Education and Social Attitudes Based On General Social Surveys
Fatemeh JavaheriIss. 1 , Vol. 1 , Autumn 2021Since people's social attitudes are both representative and facilitator of socio-cultural changes on a more general scale, any factor that affects them is significant and can be studied. Accordingly, the study on the effect of education on people's social attitudes has MoreSince people's social attitudes are both representative and facilitator of socio-cultural changes on a more general scale, any factor that affects them is significant and can be studied. Accordingly, the study on the effect of education on people's social attitudes has become the main focus point of the present paper. To analyze this issue, Inglehart's theory of human development and its role in attitudinal and value changes have been applied. Research information has been gathered through secondary analysis of various national survey data. Findings indicate that in parallel with increasing education, orientations of human actors in relation to family bounds, sense of belonging to the national community, media consumption pattern, political awareness, religious style, advocacy of women's rights and the environment and tendency to social tolerance becomes different. Research findings indicate the fact that increasing education can be a source of attitudinal and value changes. Finally, the socio-cultural implications of gradual changes in the attitudes and values of human actors that will occur in parallel with the increase in education are discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Sociological Analysis of the Role of Poverty in the Child Marriage Experience (Case: Women in the City of Chabahar)
Esmat Salahshoor Karam Habibpour GetabiIss. 2 , Vol. 1 , Winter 2021Marriage of young girls during childhood is a social issue which has affected the lives of women and young girls in different parts of the world. The aim of this research is to discover the interpretations and rationales of the women in the city of Chabahar regarding th MoreMarriage of young girls during childhood is a social issue which has affected the lives of women and young girls in different parts of the world. The aim of this research is to discover the interpretations and rationales of the women in the city of Chabahar regarding their experience of child marriage through a qualitative methodology and Grounded Theory approach. To this end, using a theoretical sampling method, 28 young girls in Chabahar County were chosen and deep and semi-structured interviews were carried out with them. The categories that provided the causal conditions for the marriage of young girls during childhood years were financial poverty, cultural/educational poverty, unfavorable family circumstances, and gender discrimination. In addition, interventional conditions (poverty of female heads of household, and the femininity of poverty) and contextual conditions (urban poverty, unfriendly living environments, and normalized patriarchy) have become a background for and facilitated the marriage of young girls. Moreover, data analysis using open, axial, and selective coding showed that the central category abstracted from the marriage of young girls in the sample is “extreme poverty, and multifaceted child marriage”. The findings implied that child marriages expose young girls to different kinds of obvious and indirect distressful situations, including child motherhood, child widowhood, domestic violence, dropping out of school, reinforcement of the cycle of poverty, severe depression, and social isolation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Investigating the Role of Family Factors in Suicide Attempt (Case Study: Women in Abdanan)
Mojtaba Shafieinejad Akbar Zare Shahabadi Zahra Mohammadi Elnaz AzadvariIss. 2 , Vol. 1 , Winter 2021The phenomenon of suicide attempts is one of the most important socio-psychological harms growing worldwide, accounting for 1.4% of all deaths worldwide. The aim of this study is to discover family factors in suicide attempt which has been done by qualitative methodolog MoreThe phenomenon of suicide attempts is one of the most important socio-psychological harms growing worldwide, accounting for 1.4% of all deaths worldwide. The aim of this study is to discover family factors in suicide attempt which has been done by qualitative methodology and using the method of Grounded Theory. For this purpose, in-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 women from Abdanan city whom suicide attempt and were selected by theoretical sampling method for more than one year. Nine main categories and one core category were extracted through the data coding system: strained family, family relationship inefficiency, Delinquent family, moral deviance of spouse, Divorced family, forced marriage, avoidance of unfavorable family atmosphere with marriage, marital disputes, experience of rejection and deliberate avoidance. Also, "Family Challenges - Significant Suicides" was selected as the core category, and finally a paradigm model derived from the data was set up. The findings indicated that family factors and family living conditions played an important role in the prevalence of suicide among women attempting suicide. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Strategic Evaluation of the Policy-Making Process of Dealing with Social Issues in Iran
Ebrahim hajianiIss. 1 , Vol. 1 , Autumn 2021The main purpose of the present study is providing a critique and a critical strategic evaluation of a set of social policies adopted by the Iranian decision-making system and executive power in the past few decades. For reaching this purpose, these policies including d MoreThe main purpose of the present study is providing a critique and a critical strategic evaluation of a set of social policies adopted by the Iranian decision-making system and executive power in the past few decades. For reaching this purpose, these policies including decisions and actions regarding issues, problems, harms and crimes were identified in five categories. Then the basics of confrontation policy and policy selection, implementation, and evaluation have been reviewed. The method is meta-synthesis which uses the existing analyses, assessments and critiques of Iranian scholars and researchers, as well as the author's lived experience. After a brief review of the current status of social issues, which indicates failures and lack of success, and also a brief overview of the policies adopted, the findings show that the identification of issues has been untimely and delayed. As for the general principles, there has been a kind of uncertainty, a biological and individualistic approach, and an indifference to the basic solutions. In the field of policy review and selection, there is a lack of learning and inattention to policy experiences, centralism, sentimentality, lack of audience recognition, lack of transparency, and disregard for marginalized groups and indigenous-local conditions. As to the implementation, we see the lack or inadequate distribution of financial resources, disregard for policies, lack of infrastructure, mismatch and the problem of human resources. In the field of execution, we face the weakness of the executive power, the ceremonial/ritual confrontation, and the lack of matrix thinking and haste. As to the monitoring phase, the lack of a monitoring system and the weak participation of civil society organizations in the evaluation process are among the most important weaknesses. Finally, we have proposed strategies such as transparency and structural change. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The Relationship Between School Atmosphere and Girls' Social Identity
Elham Shirdel Hossein Ebrahim zadeh asmin fatemeh HamiKargarIss. 1 , Vol. 1 , Autumn 2021The basic purpose of this article is to investigate the relationship between school atmosphere and relationships with friends and social identity among high school girls in Kerman city. In the present study, Giddens and Rutter's theory and survey method were applied wit MoreThe basic purpose of this article is to investigate the relationship between school atmosphere and relationships with friends and social identity among high school girls in Kerman city. In the present study, Giddens and Rutter's theory and survey method were applied with the questionnaire tool. The statistical population of this study is high school girls in Kerman city in the year 2019. The sample size is 380 girl student who were selected by stratified sampling method. The results of the descriptive and inferential statistics obtained from the data with SPSS software show that A) the social identity of the majority of high school girls is at an average level. B) There is a direct and significant relationship between school atmosphere and communication with friends and the social identity of adolescent girls. That is, as the emotional, educational, balancing, confrontational, and expected atmosphere of the school increases, so does the student's social identity. C) Performing multiple regression analysis showed that the four variables of the school confrontation atmosphere, communication with friends, expected atmosphere and educational atmosphere of school have an effect on the intensity of social identity and explain 35% of it. The results of this study indicate that attention to the situation of schools from the formal and informal social dimension and then the normative, educational, emotional, managerial aspects of the school play a vital role in the social identity of girls Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Tehran City, A Sociological Issue
taghi azadarmaki MALIHE AMANIIss. 1 , Vol. 1 , Autumn 2021In this study, the issue of urban in particular Tehran city has been investigated from a sociological aspect. The problem of the city for the Iranian sociology, is taken for granted and its non-realization needs review and analysis. Therefore, the present article tries MoreIn this study, the issue of urban in particular Tehran city has been investigated from a sociological aspect. The problem of the city for the Iranian sociology, is taken for granted and its non-realization needs review and analysis. Therefore, the present article tries to understand why Tehran city is not an issue for social scientists and sociologists. Evidence indicates that Tehran city has been raised as a bureaucratic issue for politicians and as a political issue for intellectuals, and this view has led sociologists to look at the city as a function of politics and pathology. The study is documentary-library one with a historical approach. The results from investigating and conducting the historical studies show that during several historical periods, as the techniquecal and bureaucratic point of view, Tehran has been an issue for the governments and as a political approach has been an issue for intellectuals. The city has been the setting and moaning place of the governments; but, during each era, the social well-being of Tehran city and her social endure bore no significance. Neither, the issue of the city had a culprit in the thoughts and ideas of the intellectuals, whether left-wing or right-wing, whether poets and people of literature or philosophers. Their concerns were for the culture, the civilization and the government. Therefore, a city, like Tehran, suffers from the issue of the ignorance by the social scientist that might want to have a discussion on the relationship between the urban social living and the urban living. Hence, if we also consider the social sciences and the sociology along the intellectual movement, Tehran City has not been their issue so that most of the conducted social studies on the realm of urbanism used a pathologic approach and were dedicated to the city body rather than to the requirements of the urban life and the urban social living and their respective influential factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Virtual Social Networks and Consumption Patterns of Tehran Citizens
Hadi Barghamadi adel abdollahi Elaheh Shams KoushkiIss. 2 , Vol. 1 , Winter 2021The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the use of virtual social networks of Tehran citizens and their consumption pattern. The theoretical framework is based on the views of theorists such as Veblen, Giddens and Bourdieu. The approach o MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the use of virtual social networks of Tehran citizens and their consumption pattern. The theoretical framework is based on the views of theorists such as Veblen, Giddens and Bourdieu. The approach of the present research is quantitative and the research method is descriptive in terms of descriptive path and applied in terms of purpose. Data were collected by a survey method and using a questionnaire tool. The statistical population of the study included citizens over 15 years of age in Tehran who were interviewed using the sample size estimation formula, 600 of them were interviewed using multi-stage stratified sampling. The results, regarding objective dimension, showed that cultural consumption is one of the influential variables in the consumption pattern of Tehran citizens and in addition there is a significant relationship between cultural consumption and the use of virtual social networks. On the other hand, there is a relationship between the use of virtual social networks and the clothing consumption pattern of Tehran citizens. In fact, the use of virtual social networks by Tehran citizens has affected their coverage and how they buy. The results obtained in the mental dimension of the subject under study also indicate that the use of social networks has affected the values and social attitudes of Tehran citizens based on consumerism. Manuscript profile
