perInstitute of Humanities and Social Studiesپژوهش انحرافات و مسائل اجتماعی3060-821X3060-82282026-07619articlesaeid Gholamisaeidgholami24@yahoo.com1<p>In the digital era, behavioral deviations among Iranian students&mdash;including addiction to cyberspace, cyber-aggression, academic decline, and reduced real-life interactions&mdash;have emerged as a major challenge for the institutions of family and school. This study aimed to conduct a layered analysis of the role of family and school in the emergence and moderation of these deviations, employing the qualitative approach of Causal Layered Analysis (CLA). CLA enables a four-layered exploration of the issue , extending beyond previous superficial analyses to uncover structural, discursive, and mythic roots.</p> <p>The research was qualitative, based on semi-structured interviews with 32 participants from the city of Hamadan. Purposive sampling was used, emphasizing role diversity, and theoretical saturation served as the criterion for sample adequacy. Data analysis was performed according to the four layers of CLA.</p> <p>Findings revealed that at the litany layer, public discourse is fraught with anxiety and judgment; at the systemic causes layer, weaknesses in parental supervision and school inefficiency are prominent; at the worldview layer, a conflict between traditional Iranian-Islamic discourse and individualistic digital discourse is evident; and at the myth/metaphor layer, metaphors such as &ldquo;victim of the digital storm,&rdquo; &ldquo;weary guardian&rdquo; (family), and &ldquo;isolated fortress&rdquo; (school) illuminate unconscious beliefs. Three future scenarios were outlined: continued crisis (dark), minimal adaptation (gray), and positive transformation (desirable) through discursive reconstruction and institutional empowerment.</p> <p>The conclusion emphasizes that strengthening the roles of family and school&mdash;via media literacy education, participatory programs, and national policymaking&mdash;can reduce deviations&nbsp; of cyberspace.</p>http://risi.ihss.ac.ir/Article/52539Behavioral deviations cyberspace causal layer analysis family schoolperInstitute of Humanities and Social Studiesپژوهش انحرافات و مسائل اجتماعی3060-821X3060-82282026-07619articleHamidreza Danesh Narihdanesh90@yahoo.com1Abdolmalek Parsaabolmalekparsa@um.ac.ir2PhD Candidate in Criminal Law and Crimonology. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad<p>Forced marriage is a marriage that has taken place without the actual consent of one or both parties to the marriage. Forced marriage, as one of the important examples of violence against women, has harmful and long-term consequences for the victims of these crimes and society. The present study seeks to analyze the effect of social structure on forced marriage in the city of Nijrab, Afghanistan, using a qualitative data analysis method. Despite the criminalization and criminal protection of the right to freedom of marriage in the law on the elimination of violence against women in the Afghan criminal law system, the extensive statistics of this crime indicate the failure of the punitive approach and the explanation of the etiology of forced marriage in mainstream criminological theories. However, critical theories seek to explain the etiology of forced marriage in the context of social relations by adopting a structuralist approach and with the help of sociological theories. One of the important theories in this field is the theory of social structure and its effect on forced marriage. The findings of the research show that in the critical approach, social structure, on the one hand, is the social institutions that govern the actions and social relations of individuals, and on the other hand, social institutions are the result of the actions of individuals and their access to and control over various sources of power. .</p>http://risi.ihss.ac.ir/Article/52558Social Structure Forced Marriage Patriarchy Male Hegemony Femininity.perInstitute of Humanities and Social Studiesپژوهش انحرافات و مسائل اجتماعی3060-821X3060-82282026-07619articleakbar Talebpoura.talebpour@alzahra.ac.ir1fatemeh darvishifatemeh.xxx2020@gmail.com2M.S of sociology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran<p style="text-align: left;">The increase of women presence in society, in addition to desirable opportunities, has also brought social harms. Observing women smoking cigarettes and other drugs in public sphere is a sign of addiction feminization, which has been studied in present study using grounded theory method. The target population of this study was women involved in addiction in Tehran, and 20 of these people were interviewed as study subjects. The sampling method was purposeful and snowball due to lack of access to the population. The data collection tool and technique for this study was in-depth and semi-structured interviews. In order to analyze the data, the Strauss and Corbin coding method was used in the form of open, axial, and selective coding. The results of the study showed that the background and context of the feminization of addiction is a dysfunctional family, in which access to drugs and social learning as intervening conditions and social despair as causal conditions play a very prominent role in this matter. The consequences of the feminization of addiction are: a decrease in social capital, physical and mental illnesses, an epidemic of deviations and social exclusion, and addicted women use the strategy of justification and denial to avoid being labeled and socially excluded. A very significant point that was noted in this research was that social despair is intelligently applied to addicted women by foreign media and virtual space to both prevent hope for recovery and destroy hope of&nbsp;future among the generation of young women.</p>http://risi.ihss.ac.ir/Article/52579Addiction Social Despair Grounded Theory Feminization Social Exclusion.perInstitute of Humanities and Social Studiesپژوهش انحرافات و مسائل اجتماعی3060-821X3060-82282026-07619articlealiakbar tajmazinanizdarvishi@ut.ac.ir1zahra darvishizahradarvishi29@gmail.com2Associate Professor, Department of Cooperatives and Social Welfare, Faculty of Social Sciences, Allameh Tabatabaei University, Tehran, Iran<p>The present study aimed to analyze how the school privatization policy affects the status and professional development of teachers. To achieve this goal, a qualitative method was used, and thematic analysis was used for data analysis and interview technique was used for data collection. Using targeted sampling, 21 teachers and informants in the field of school privatization were identified and interviewed. The findings of the research show that the privatization of schools not only did not promote the professional development of teachers, but also caused job insecurity.With no job stability, teachers who feel job insecurity are less willing to invest in their professional development.&nbsp; Also, the reduction of their strategic and cultural role has caused the loss of motivation and ability and has had a negative impact on the professional development of teachers. Decreasing the focus on deep learning and emphasizing the results of final and entrance exams has caused teachers to spend more of their time preparing students for these exams and this has reduced the quality of education.&nbsp; The findings also show that students consider themselves superior to teachers due to paying high tuition fees, and this has caused teachers' dignity to decrease and negatively affected their motivation and performance, and also caused mutual understanding between teachers and students to not be formed.&nbsp; The results show that although the school privatization policy has benefits for reducing the economic burden of the government, it needs serious revision and reflection due to the heavy social and cultural consequences for teachers.</p>http://risi.ihss.ac.ir/Article/52775Privatization schools job status teachers IranperInstitute of Humanities and Social Studiesپژوهش انحرافات و مسائل اجتماعی3060-821X3060-82282026-07619articleMohamad Solimannejadmsdt59@yahoo.com1 mohsen niaziniazim@kashanu.ac2 tahereh Solimannejadrsdt70@yahoo.com3Department of Social Sciences Education, Farhangian University, Tehran, IranProfessor, Department of Social Sciences, Kashan UniversityEvaluation expert of research centers of Alborz University of Medical Sciences<div class="flex flex-col text-sm pb-25"> <article class="text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none [--shadow-height:45px] has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none has-data-writing-block:-mt-(--shadow-height) has-data-writing-block:pt-(--shadow-height) [&amp;:has([data-writing-block])&gt;*]:pointer-events-auto scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]" dir="auto" tabindex="-1" data-turn-id="request-WEB:bec8f841-dbba-4aef-8582-8d12252a434b-1" data-testid="conversation-turn-4" data-scroll-anchor="true" data-turn="assistant"> <div class="text-base my-auto mx-auto pb-10 [--thread-content-margin:--spacing(4)] @w-sm/main:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(6)] @w-lg/main:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(16)] px-(--thread-content-margin)"> <div class="[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @w-lg/main:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn" tabindex="-1"> <div class="flex max-w-full flex-col grow"> <div class="min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-1" dir="auto" data-message-author-role="assistant" data-message-id="6776dd13-769b-4b52-a1fe-4faceb001a82" data-message-model-slug="gpt-5-2"> <div class="flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[1px]"> <div class="markdown prose dark:prose-invert w-full wrap-break-word light markdown-new-styling"> <div class="flex max-w-full flex-col grow"> <div class="min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-1" dir="auto" data-message-author-role="assistant" data-message-id="b44ccbc7-78ec-4917-b802-4de09ae6c474" data-message-model-slug="gpt-5-2"> <div class="flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[1px]"> <div class="markdown prose dark:prose-invert w-full wrap-break-word light markdown-new-styling"> <p data-start="0" data-end="587">This study aimed to provide a sociological explanation of the tendency toward violence among adolescents and young people in the city of Kashan. Violence is defined as harsh and impulsive actions that can lead to harmful physical, psychological, and social consequences for both perpetrators and others. The theoretical framework was based on theories of social problems, and the research used a survey method. The statistical population included adolescents and youth in Kashan, from which 383 individuals were selected through proportional probability sampling using Cochran&rsquo;s formula.</p> <p data-start="589" data-end="1348">Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation, paired sample t-tests, and path analysis with SPSS 25 and Smart-PLS software to examine relationships between independent variables and the dependent variable (tendency toward violence). Results showed significant positive relationships between violent tendency and several factors: influence of cyberspace, association with delinquent friends, family indifference, feelings of anomie, living in disorganized neighborhoods, and institutional dysfunction. Men showed higher levels of violent tendency than women, and age had a significant but inverse relationship, indicating that violent tendency decreases as age increases. No significant relationship was found between socioeconomic status and violent tendency.</p> <p data-start="1350" data-end="1755" data-is-last-node="" data-is-only-node="">Path analysis revealed that interaction with delinquent friends had the strongest effect on violent tendency, followed by feelings of anomie and influence from cyberspace. Altogether, the variables in the model explained 36% of the variance in violent tendency. These findings emphasize the crucial role of social and environmental conditions in shaping violent attitudes and behaviors among young people.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="z-0 flex min-h-[46px] justify-start">&nbsp;</div> <div class="mt-3 w-full empty:hidden">&nbsp;</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mt-3 w-full empty:hidden">&nbsp;</div> </div> </div> </article> </div>http://risi.ihss.ac.ir/Article/52844 tendency toward violence interaction with delinquent friends institutional dysfunction family indifference cyberspace.perInstitute of Humanities and Social Studiesپژوهش انحرافات و مسائل اجتماعی3060-821X3060-82282026-07619articleamir qorbanpoorlafmejaniamirelite@yahoo.com1sara qorbanzadehghorbanzadeh_sara@yahoo.com2گروه علوم تربیتی و مشاوره، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایرانDepartment of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran<p>In intercultural marriages, couples face numerous challenges due to differences in beliefs, values, customs, and communication styles. This study aimed to investigate the challenges of intercultural marriages and the coping strategies employed by Iranian couples. The research strategy was qualitative, employing inductive qualitative content analysis as the method. The study population consisted of all couples who had married someone from outside their own city and culture and were residing in one of the cities of Iran. Interviews with these couples continued until theoretical saturation was achieved, and a total of 27 male participants were interviewed throughout the research process. After analyzing the interviews, six main themes were identified regarding the challenges of intercultural marriage, including challenges related to religious beliefs, communication challenges, challenges related to families, differences in customs and traditions, challenges arising from long distance, and challenges arising from regional and geographical differences. Additionally, five main themes were identified regarding coping strategies: passive/avoidant strategies, cognitive strategies, interactive strategies, religious/spiritual strategies, and problem-focused/solution-oriented strategies. To reduce the challenges faced by intercultural couples and help improve their quality of life, this study recommends that family counselors and couple therapists adopt a comprehensive approach and implement the following measures: teaching intercultural communication skills, strengthening social support networks, utilizing the capacity of religious coping strategies in dealing with conflicts, and facilitating the process of creating a "third culture" by couples.</p>http://risi.ihss.ac.ir/Article/53488Intercultural Marriage Cross-Cultural Marriage Challenges Coping Strategies Iranian Couples Qualitative Study